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Some of the most famous ancient Egyptian pharaohs including Ramesses II, also known as Ramesses the Great, come from the New Kingdom period of Egypt during the eighteenth and nineteenth dynasties. It was during this time that the title pharaoh came into use; prior to the New Kingdom, Egyptian rulers were known as “kings”. “Pharaoh” is the Greek form of the Egyptian “Pero” meaning “Great House” and referring to the Royal Residence.

The first king of Egypt, Menes - also known as Narmer - is depicted on the well-known Narmer Palette, wearing the two crowns of Egypt which symbolised the unification of the region under a single ruler. During their reign, the kings of Egypt were not only associated with Horus, but were considered intermediaries between the gods and the people of Egypt.

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