0 subsidies and tax breaks only for sustainability, tax penalization for unsustainability could work.

Na, it can’t. It’s impossible to maintain a consistent rate of profit while not being predicated on the premise of growth/expansion. This requires extracting the surplus value of people’s labor and commodification of the planet. This is called exploitation. Without it, and without mechanisms like the state to maintain/create/enforce the conditions for it, global capitalism would collapse.