On this day, 26 December 1904, a strike began in Baku, now Azerbaijan, when metalworkers walked out with numerous demands including an eight-hour day, pay increases and Sundays off from work each week. Within five days most enterprises in the city were shut down, including the crucial oil industry, with regular protests and clashes with security forces. In contrast to an unsuccessful strike the previous year, this time they held out until January 12, when employers and workers reached the first collective agreement in the history of the Russian Empire. In particular the workers achieved a nine-hour day, with four paid days off each month, a pay increase and better living and working conditions.
Pictured: a strike in Baku, 1903
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Antonin Mercié/Adalbert Volk, Robert E. Lee Monument, Richmond, Virginia, 1890. Projection by Dustin Klein; photo by Alexis Delilah; spray paint improvement by the public, 2020.
On Christmas day 1837, Africans and Native Americans who formed Florida’s Seminole Nation defeated a vastly superior U.S. invading army.
This alliance of Seminole warriors resisted a forced relocation to a reservation out west as well as a forced return of Africans back to slavery.
The battle was one of many in the Seminole Wars, which were the longest and most expensive (both in human and monetary terms) Indian Wars in United States history.
The victory of the Christmas Day freedom fighters was an early example of successful multiracial resistance against colonialism and racism.
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