Rafiq Shagu’s wife died shortly after Friday prayers in India’s Muslim-majority Kashmir when tear gas smashed through a window in their home and filled the room.
Now, with Indian authorities denying their troops have caused any civilian deaths while enforcing a lockdown of more than two weeks in the Himalayan region, he is facing what may be a futile quest to hold those responsible to account.
“They (the police) are not ready to take responsibility for the death. We want answers but I don’t know where to seek justice,” Shagu said.
In an interview with AFP, Shagu recalled the horrific events of the August 9 afternoon when he said his wife, Fehmeeda, was teaching her two children at their home in Srinagar, the largest city in Indian-controlled Kashmir.
Shagu said there had been small clashes between government forces and protesters nearby, then police started firing tear gas and pepper shells into residential houses.
The clashes occurred four days after Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government stripped Kashmir of its autonomy, with tens of thousands of extra troops deployed there ahead of the announcement to stop residents from protesting.
“We couldn’t see each other in the room as the smoke was so dense. There were three huge thuds when the canisters burst,” Shagu said.
“We somehow removed the children from the room and as she tried to run out amid the chaos, she fell. By the time we moved her out of the room she was unconscious and frothing.”
He said Fehmeeda was taken to hospital on a motorcycle where doctors were unable to revive her.
The medical report seen by AFP said she “had inhaled toxic gas from a tear gas shell” and that a possible cause of death was a “toxic lung injury”.
- 'No deaths’ -
Indian authorities have sought to block any news coming out of Kashmir since imposing the lockdown.
Aside from deploying the extra troops, they cut off telephones, mobile phones and the internet - though some landlines have now been restored.
Authorities say there is no credible proof that anyone has died in Kashmir as a result of the lockdown, and only that eight people have been injured.
But multiple hospital sources told AFP at least 100 people had been hurt, some of them by firearm injuries.
Others were treated at home, fearing that they may be arrested if they visit hospitals, people who had been hit by pellets told AFP.
- Unaccounted deaths -
AFP also spoke with relatives of two other people they allege died due to violence from the security forces.
One of the reported victims was Usiab Ahmad, 15, who drowned on August 5.
His family said Ahmad was near his home when police used live ammunition and tear gas shells and chased protesters towards the river bank where the student drowned.
“His body was taken out after five hours from the water and his funeral was attacked by police,” one of Ahmad’s relatives who could not be identified for security reasons told AFP.
“They tried to snatch away the body because they feared more protests,” he said.
Another alleged victim, Mohammad Ayub Khan was standing outside his home in downtown Srinagar on Saturday when police fired tear gas canisters to break up a small group of stone-throwing protesters, according to multiple family members and neighbours.
Two shells fell in front of the 62-year-old timber trader, immediately causing him to collapse on the road and froth from the mouth.
The father of three daughters was declared dead at the hospital but police forcibly took over his body.
Just 10 family members were allowed for the funeral and burial that took place under police watch in the dead of night.
“The police officer threatened us that he will throw the body into the river if we talk to media or try to make a procession,” Shabir Ahmed Khan, his younger brother told AFP.
“We were escorted by four police vans to the graveyard,” he said.
Khan’s family has visited the hospital multiple times for a death certificate but doctors told them police had instructed them not to issue it.
“His death will probably not even get recorded by the government but for us he is a martyr,” Khan said.
“His death is another example of India’s brutality.”
“While lawns perform some important ecosystem functions, like storing carbon and carrying out photosynthesis, they are biodiversity barrens. Previous research on lawns has shown they are amazingly similar in species composition and contribute to the homogenization of urban landscapes and loss of urban biodiversity. They tend to consist of only one or two species of grass, dramatically limiting the potential wildlife they can support. And, since diversity begets diversity, the monolithic nature of lawns means fewer organisms can thrive there. Some birds, like American Robins, occasionally visit lawns; however, these heavily-mowed, often chemically-treated, water guzzling, homogeneous areas simply do not provide the elements of habitat needed for supporting the diversity of wildlife central to balanced ecological systems.”
On this day, 22 August 1943, The Statesman magazine published this photograph of starving people during the Bengal famine in British colonial India. The governor of Bengal had ordered rice across much of Bengal to be removed or destroyed in 1942 to prevent it getting into enemy hands, and they confiscated 46,000 boats from local people, devastating the fishing industry. Authorities then began diverting food from rural areas, where there were already shortages, to people deemed a “priority”, namely wealthier and better educated people, and those working in war industries and the civil service. Flooding damaged farmland, putting food supplies at risk, however Winston Churchill’s government did not act on these warnings. And when the famine began, instead of providing relief, the government forbade the colony from using its own financial reserves or ships to import food, and instead continued to export thousands of tonnes of rice for Europeans, and put excess food from elsewhere in the British Empire into storage. In all, 2 to 4 million people died, in what most historians consider an entirely man-made famine. India had previously suffered much bigger reductions in food supply without mass deaths, for example in 1873-4. But Winston Churchill was a white supremacist and an anti-Semite, who cared nothing for the local population. He believed that “the starvation of anyhow underfed Bengalis is less serious than that of sturdy Greeks”, and during the famine he proudly exclaimed “I hate Indians. They are a beastly people with a beastly religion.”
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