Think of all the people in prison who were excessively charged, only to plea to lesser charges because they could not challenge the system.
Once in prison, the system focuses solely on punishment, not enough reform. Then the system strips the person of voting rights AFTER serving their debt to society.
“Silent Night, Bloody Night” (aka Deathouse, aka The Night of the Dark Full Moon) 1972.
Not to be confused with the infamous 1984 killer Santa slasher film “Silent Night, Deadly Night” and its sequels.
The story is about man who comes to a town populated by odd characters to claim his inheritance of his family’s mansion. A mansion that his grandfather turned into an insane asylum.
It has all the the things that makes the holidays great: Ax murders, escaped metal patients and incest. Merry Christmas everybody!
Associate produced by Lloyd Kaufman and starring Mary Woronov and John Carradine.
It maybe public domain, but please don’t think of your dear old Radio Blue Heart as a cheap jerk that gets you cheap Christmas presents.
Today’s work outfit for a not-so-great day (I still have a dreadful cold and a big box of comics was delayed until tomorrow): Nintendo NYC KK Slider tee over thrifted animal print thermal, Wax Jeans Butt I Love You burgundy skinny jeans, stripey wooly sox, thrifted Docs. #ootd #fafafafafashionbeepbeep #everydayfashion #cheapasschic #comicshopgirl #nintendonyc #nintendo #animalcrossing #kkslider #grey #burgundy #animalprintisaneutral #thermal #layers #waxjeans #buttiloveyou #skinnyjeans #stretchjeans #stripes #woolysocks #docmartens #thriftscore #punkrockgirl #over45style #mystyle #sickly https://www.instagram.com/p/B5oa-HsDf15/?igshid=1nln938bozzta
Build a $300 underground greenhouse for year-round gardening
Growers in colder climates often utilize various approaches to extend the growing season or to give their crops a boost, whether it’s coldframes, hoop houses or greenhouses.
Greenhouses are usually glazed structures, but are typically expensive to construct and heat throughout the winter. A much more affordable and effective alternative to glass greenhouses is the walipini (an Aymara Indian word for a “place of warmth”), also known as an underground or pit greenhouse. First developed over 20 years ago for the cold mountainous regions of South America, this method allows growers to maintain a productive garden year-round, even in the coldest of climates.[…]
ughhhhhhhhh noooo stop it! aha! don’t release non-native earthworms in random plots of soil for enhancing gardens or free bait, don’t do it anywhere in North America lmaoooo! stop, it’s so dangerous and extremely harmful, with devastating and surprisingly dramatic and visible biome-wide effects! haha popular tumblr blogs should stop repeatedly and widely sharing advice recommending the release of non-native earthworms and calling it “anti-imperialist praxis” and “bioregional autonomy” and “vegan self-suffiency” lol! dooooon’t! it straight up destroys soil and outright kills forests :/ it directly causes death of understory plants; death of iconic species like goblin fern and serviceberry; elimination of vital fungal networks providing both soil structure and tree-to-tree nutrient-sharing; loss of native invertebrates and amphibians; savannification of the boundary between woodland and tallgrass prairie; death of red maple, sugar maple, and red oak stands; and especially harms hardwoods forests of the Great Lakes and Midwest lmao seriously stooooop it >:(
Anyway for real, I sure hope no one is deliberately releasing non-native and invasive earthworms, or bait worms, anywhere on Turtle
Island/North American land, especially west of the Mississippi River or
north of the Wisconsin glaciation. Earthworms and bait worms sold in stores are, by and large, not species native to the continent. They severely harm forests and soil ecology, leading directly to disruption of fungal networks; death
of saplings and seedlings; death of forest understory plants; replacement of typical understory species with grasses; mortality in adult trees, as well; changes in pH; and other harm, especially devastating in northern hardwoods forests of the Great Lakes region.
Not gonna name names, but several times this year, popular blogs from the [forest-lover, anarchist/leftist/solarpunk, Moomin-fan, environmentalist-ish] realms of Tumblr have widely shared advice recommending the release of non-native earthworms or bait worms into the wild, as a form of “praxis”. I’ve got these posts screenshotted, but since I generally respect people in these circles - and in the interest of avoiding discourse and drama - I’m not going to share them. (A popular post was widely shared in February 2019; another “release store-bought earthworms” post was shared in December 2019.) I appreciate where their hearts are at. But:
From a Phys dot org summary of Great Lakes Worm Watch:
“The western Great Lakes region, which is the area we’re focused on, has no native earthworms,” says ecologist Cindy Hale, a research associate with the Natural Resources Research Institute at the University of Minnesota in Duluth. Native earthworms in the region were all wiped out after the last Ice Age. The current population
was brought by Europeans hundreds of years ago, (soil was often used as
ballast in ships) and they’re now changing the face of local forests.
Anglers are adding to the problem by dumping worms that don’t end up on
the end of a hook.
With support from the National Science Foundation (NSF), Hale’s team
created the Great Lakes Worm Watch website and outreach programs to stop
the spread of non-native earthworms and to clear up the common
misconception that they’re harmless. […] Earthworms may be small but when they take over a forest, the impact
is dramatic. They cause the rapid incorporation of organic material into
the soil,
changing its structure, chemistry and nutrient dynamics. What’s known
as the duff layer is suddenly removed, and this duff, or decaying
organic material on the forest floor, is habitat for several species of
insects, spiders, small vertebrates, bacteria and fungi. It is also the
primary rooting zone for most plants.“What’s really the biggest negative effect on the plants directly is
the removal of their rooting zone. It can cause mortality of adult
plants but, furthermore, it can cause a loss of reproductive potential. A
lot of these native plants have seeds that have very complex seed
dormancy and germination strategies,” says Hale.
–
Caption by Shireen Gonzaga for EarthSky: “A forest understory with a high diversity of native plants, the result
when there are no earthworms in the soil. Image courtesy of Paul Ojanen.”
Caption by Shireen Gonzaga for EarthSky:
“Forest soil with an abundance of non-native earthworms can result in a bare understory. Image courtesy of Scott L Loss.”
Non-native worms disrupt fungi networks, alter soil pH, damage seedlings, and allow
grasses to gain stronger footholds to replace native/natural forest
understory plants (from an EarthSky review of 2016 research by German
Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research):
Bottom line: European earthworms, introduced by early settlers, are
changing the physical and chemical characteristics of soil in northern
North American forests, creating a decreased diversity in native plants.
[…]
At the top soil layer, earthworms convert fallen leaves to humus.
That’s a good thing if you’re growing a garden, but, in a natural
forest, it causes a fast-tracking of the release of nutrients instead of
allowing the leaf litter to break down more slowly, as it would without
the earthworms.
Also, as they burrow through the ground, earthworms disrupt the mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship
between fungi and plants. Some deep-burrowing worm species change the
pH of upper soil layers by mixing in alkaline soil from deeper in the
ground. […]
All of these changes adversely affect native plants that did not evolve in such conditions. For instance, the goblin fern is rarely found in areas with high earthworm density. Other native plants facing threats include largeflower bellwort, trillium and Solomon’s seal. Earthworms also consume the seeds and seedlings of some plant species, influencing what grows in the forest understory.
In some locations, grasses, with their fine
root systems that quickly absorb nutrients, dominate the forest floor.
Non-native invasive plants that evolved in soils containing earthworms
gain an even stronger foothold in these forests.
–
Cindy Hale, the prominent University of Minnesota-based researcher of
non-native earthworms in the Great Lakes region, has published this book
through Kollath-Stensaas Publishing:
–
Non-native worms harm birch trees specifically and hardwood forests generally (excerpt from University of Toronto research, 2016):
The worms can cause dramatic changes to ecosystems
by altering soils, reducing leaf litter and disrupting microbial
interactions, which reduces biodiversity. Now it seems they are also
eating plant seeds in the wild, potentially altering the make-up of
forest communities. (…)
“They eat a lot more seeds than we think,” says Cassin [ecologist at University of Toronto in Mississauga], now at the Ontario Invasive Plant Council in Canada.
The study shows another way that earthworms can alter forest
ecosystems, particularly for small-seeded species such as birch, says Lee Frelich, an ecologist at the University of Minnesota in St Paul. (…)
Once earthworms have invaded a habitat, they are almost impossible to eradicate, says Erin Bayne,
of the University of Alberta in Canada. Conservationists must instead
work to keep worms out of pristine habitats, he says, for example by
restricting the use of worms as fishing bait and by controlling
accidental transport of contaminated soil.
–
Non-native worms lead to wildflower, fern, and sapling death. In
hardwood forests, this loss is probably due partially to how worms degrade the
duff layer; the loss of this layer also provokes soil erosion and
directly eliminates the forest floor shelter of larger invertebrates and
amphibians. When saplings cannot establish themselves, there is tree
loss. (From Minnesota Department of Natural Resources)
Studies conducted by the University of Minnesota and forest managers
show that at least seven species are invading our hardwood forests and
causing the loss of tree seedlings, wildflowers, and ferns.
–
Sugar maples, important both for forests and human food production, are devastated by the worms (from several years of research by Michigan Technological University across multiple national and state forests in the Upper Great Lakes):
A new study suggests
that non-native worms are eating up the forest floor, causing sugar
maples to die back and perhaps harming other forest dwellers.
Sugar maples are
prized as much for their valuable lumber as for their sugary sap and
dazzling fall colors. In Michigan alone, they are the basis of a
multi-million-dollar industry. But several years ago, foresters began
noticing that the crowns of the big trees appeared unhealthy, with bare
limbs and little new growth. “They were losing trees before they could harvest them.” (…)
–
Great Lakes Worm Watch has some fun links and resources:
Text from Great Lakes Worm Watch: “Different plant species respond to earthworm invasions differently. Some
native plants appear to be very sensitive, so much so, that they can
rapidly disappear when earthworms invade a forest. Some examples of
these plants include…”
Worm Watch: “If earthworm invasion leads to changes in the mycorrhizal community
of fungi, the diversity of plants that make up the understory would be
dramatically changed. Fungi are a preferred food of many earthworm species and they graze
it heavily, which could dramatically impact the abundance and
composition of fungi in the soil. By grazing fungi on or near plant
roots, the earthworms not only can damage the roots, but they prevent
the plant and fungi from forming the symbiotic relationship where
mycorrhizal fungi exchange nutrients and water for carbohydrates with
green plants. If the fungi can’t get enough food, they will die back
even further. For some of the native plants that need mycorrhizal
fungi, especially when the plant is young and small, survival will be
difficult if earthworms prevent this relationship from being formed.”
This blog is mostly so I can vent my feelings and share my interests. Other than that, I am nothing special.
If you don't like Left Wing political thought and philosophy, all things related to horror, the supernatural, the grotesque, guns or the strange, then get the fuck out. I just warned you.
![ultrafacts:
“ Source: [x]
Follow Ultrafacts for more facts! ”](https://64.media.tumblr.com/60a90eee0cf4d3ea1f0aa34e6534de69/tumblr_ozwxzpGK7L1rhavdko1_500.png)
