On this day, 15 December 1890, Sioux chief Sitting Bull was killed by Indian police in the Standing Rock Reservation in South Dakota. Indian agent James McLauchlan had sent 39 officers and four volunteers to arrest Sitting Bull, fearing the growth of the spiritual ghost dance movement, which foresaw an end to white expansionism.
Sitting Bull refused to cooperate with police, so they used force on him which outraged the crowd which had gathered, one of whom shot a policeman. Police retaliated by shooting Sitting Bull in the chest and head, killing him. A battle then erupted leaving seven additional villagers dead, and eight police officers.
This book gives an overview of 500 years of Indigenous resistance in the Americas: https://shop.workingclasshistory.com/collections/books/products/500-years-of-indigenous-resistance-gord-hillhttps://www.facebook.com/workingclasshistory/photos/a.296224173896073/1293882394130241/?type=3
Communalism is the all encompassing term given to a comprehensive
theory and practice that seeks to reconstruct society along ecological
lines. It is based in the essential premise that all environmental problems are rooted in social problems. Along
with global climate change, problems such as widespread pollution,
deforestation, and species extinction are all anthropogenic in their
source. Assessing these issues as a whole, we can see that our society
is simplifying the environment on a global scale. In fact, it is undoing
the achievements of evolution by creating a more simplified, inorganic
world.
Communalism holds an objective set of social ethics that reflect the
most developmental trends in evolution, including greater choice,
dynamic stability, and diversity. Supported by these ecological trends,
Communalism provides a foundation to act against injustice, domination,
and hierarchy, which are neither “natural” nor inevitable features of
society.
These ideas also work within a historical framework that recognizes
that society has not always maintained the irrational form that we live
in today. Communalism asserts that an ideal of freedom has expanded
throughout history in opposition to the development of hierarchy and
domination. To build upon these emancipatory efforts, a reconstructive
vision is provided of an ecologically harmonious society that is free
from all forms of hierarchy.
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“One that desires to excel should endeavor in those things that are in themselves most excellent.”
— Epictetus, Discourses (via philosophybits)
