On this day, 31 August 1913, police attacked a crowd in Dublin in a drunken rampage that became known as “Bloody Sunday.” It was one of many violent confrontations that took place in the early days of the Dublin Lockout, a bitter industrial dispute that lasted until 1914 and saw two strikers killed and many hundreds wounded. Jim Larkin’s Irish Transport and General Workers Union had attempted to organise the workers on Dublin’s tram network, and the owner of the company, William Murphy, had fired hundreds of workers whom he suspected of sympathising with the union. When the workers struck in protest, the Dublin employers demanded en masse that their workers sign a pledge declaring that they would neither join the ITGWU nor strike with them in solidarity. When workers refused, the employers locked them out, replacing them with scab labour from Britain or elsewhere in Ireland. From the start, the strike was characterised by intense violence between the strikers on one side and the scabs and police on the other. In pitched battles, strikers and their families smashed tram windows and fought with the police, throwing stones and firing slingshots that had been supplied by James Connolly. In response to the escalating violence, the authorities banned a proposed march. But Larkin was not a man easily deterred, and he promised he would appear that dead or alive. The road was overlooked by the Imperial Hotel, which was part-owned by Murphy. Wearing a fake beard, the fiery trade unionist shuffled into a hotel dressed as an elderly man, and once a crowd had gathered on the street below, he cast off his disguise and ran to the window, from where his booming voice exhorted the workers to action and victory. Immediately, around 300 police attacked, beating the crowd, most of whom were uninvolved onlookers. One such onlooker, the MP Handel Booth, later described how the police, “behaved like men possessed… wildly striking with their truncheons at everyone within reach.” https://www.facebook.com/workingclasshistory/photos/a.296224173896073/1199960030189145/?type=3
At around
11 p.m. on May 15, Lauren pulled into the parking lot of a Hilton in
Lakeland, Florida. The air was damp and cool, and the 32-year-old was
nervous: She was there to meet a couple who had responded to an ad she
posted that day advertising sexual services. Lauren was new to sex work.
She had a 2-year-old child at home, and money was tight.
Inside the
hotel room, Lauren leaned against a dresser. “I gotta be careful,” she
remembered saying. “I’m glad you guys are who you say you are.”
At one
point that evening, Lauren went to the bathroom to freshen up. But after
she finished, she opened the bathroom door to detectives from the Polk
County Sheriff’s Office who arrested her.
To maintain her privacy, Lauren requested that her real name not be used.
The day
before Lauren’s arrest, the sheriff’s office vice unit initiated
“Operation No Spring Fling” in which undercover officers posted and
responded to ads soliciting sex work. “The primary goal,” Sheriff Grady
Judd said at a press conference
after the sting ended on May 19, “is to rescue victims of human
trafficking and to arrest people that are buying human beings, and
that’s what these guys were doing when they were seeking the services of
these ladies.”
Yet
according to a press release from the sheriff’s office, only three
people out of the 154 arrested as a result of the sting were considered
possible victims of human trafficking. Of those, two women, a
17-year-old and a 23-year-old, were charged with unspecific crimes.
The vast
majority of people arrested, including Lauren, were charged with
solicitation, and their mugshots were displayed on a banner during the
sheriff’s press conference and subsequently published online by local
newspapers.
After
officers read Lauren the Miranda rights, she told them she was “down on
her luck and needed money to buy diapers for her child,” according to
the affidavit for her arrest. Several women caught in the sting also
seemed to be engaged in survival sex work. A 22-year-old said she had
posted an ad online because she lost her job earlier in the day and
needed money immediately to pay her bills. A 45-year-old single mother
said she needed money to support her children.
When
reached for comment, the Polk County Sheriff’s Office directed The
Appeal to video of the press conference, where Judd insisted that many
of the women arrested were victims of human trafficking. “I suggest that
those that are on social media or any other media saying, ‘Well, it’s
just a business relationship by two consenting adults,’ don’t understand
or don’t want to understand or don’t care,” he said. “We care. We care
about every one of those folks, and we care enough to arrest them if
they don’t behave. We care enough to help them if they’ll let us help
them. But we will not give up, that’s our promise.”
***
Operations
that purport to target human trafficking but yield mass arrests for
prostitution-related offenses are commonplace in Florida counties.
On Feb. 19, multiple sheriffs offices and police departments raided spas across Florida’s east coast—including the Orchids of Asia Day Spa—resulting in nearly 300 arrests. The
operation garnered international attention because one of the arrestees
at that spa was New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft, who was charged with soliciting prostitution. “It’s manifestly obvious to us that this is human trafficking,” Martin County Sheriff William Snyder said of the massage parlors in late February. But in mid-April, prosecutors acknowledged that
nobody arrested in the Martin County raids had been charged with human
trafficking. “There is no human trafficking that arises out of this
investigation,” said assistant state attorney Greg Kridos.
On June 21, the Hillsborough County Sheriff’s Office announced the arrests of 85 people
in “Operation Trade Secrets” which targeted massage parlors, hotels,
strip clubs, and adult bookstores. “The only way to get proof of victims
of human trafficking is to do an operation like this,” Sheriff Chad
Chronister said.
“You don’t know who’s there on their own free will and who’s being
forced to have sex.” But about half of the people taken into custody
were booked on prostitution-related offenses. Only one was arrested for
sex trafficking.
Despite the failure of such investigations to identify human trafficking, Governor Ron DeSantis recently signed into law
a requirement that spas and hotels instruct staff on how to spot signs
of sex trafficking and that law enforcement officers complete four-hour
training on how to investigate trafficking. The law also creates a database of individuals who are convicted of soliciting prostitutes.
***
Florida is just one front in a national targeting of what one anti-trafficking nonprofit
calls “illicit massage businesses” that advocates say make women more
vulnerable. Womankind, a New York-based service provider for Asian
survivors of trafficking, told
The Appeal last year: “The reality we still face is that policing,
regardless of how creative and collaborative the approach may seem, does
not tackle the root causes of vulnerability and exploitation.”
The arrest of Jeffrey Epstein on sex trafficking charges
is likely to bring a renewed focus to trafficking that could yield even
more arrests—not of billionaire predators, said Kate D’Adamo, a sex
worker advocate and partner at Reframe Health and Justice, but
working-class women.
“Predators
don’t get caught in johns stings,” D’Adamo said, because they target
people who wouldn’t feel comfortable talking to police. The way to catch
these men, D’Adamo said, is to form connections with the sex worker
community, but “that doesn’t happen when your connection to them is
arresting them for a low-level crime.”
Instead,
D’Adamo said such investigations often punish women who have no option
but to engage in survival sex work. “What happens when you go in to find
a job to try to stabilize your life and your name gets Googled and what
comes up is a prostitution arrest?” D’Adamo said. “They’ve taken
someone for whom that [sex work] was the best option for meeting what
sounds like incredibly basic resource needs … [who is] traumatized by
violence, and now [has] a criminal record that’s going to leave them in
economic instability for a very long time.”
***
After
Lauren’s mother posted her $2,000 bond at the Polk County jail, she
struggled to find transportation to her home in Hillsborough County,
about 30 miles away. Officers had seized her phone, and because a search
of her vehicle allegedly yielded a pink pouch containing syringes with
cocaine, the sheriff’s office also impounded her car.
Lauren now
faces two misdemeanor charges for solicitation, a misdemeanor charge
for possession of drug paraphernalia and a felony charge for cocaine. If
convicted, she could spend up to five years in prison plus probation
and have to pay tens of thousands of dollars in fines.
“I’m so
fortunate that I had my mom to help me get out,” Lauren said. “Some of
these girls don’t have that option. They’re literally gonna be stuck in
jail, doing time, and they’re gonna come out with nothing. They’re not
gonna know what to do but what they did before. They’re literally having
to start over.”
On this day, 3 October 1993, Katerina Gogou (Κατερίνα Γώγου), Greek anarchist poet, author and actor died by suicide aged just 53. Under the military dictatorship, Gogou could only make a living as an actor portraying sexist stereotypes of women, like “housewife” or “love interest” in comedies which reinforced the ideology of the dictatorship. So Gogou expressed her feminist and revolutionary ideas in her poetry. For example, this was one poem discovered after her death: “Don’t you stop me. I am dreaming./We lived centuries of injustice bent over./Centuries of loneliness./Now don’t. Don’t you stop me./Now and here, for ever and everywhere./I am dreaming freedom.” After the fall of the dictatorship, she was a key figure in the early anarchist scene in Exarcheia, Athens, and was a vigourous proponent of trans and gay rights. You can learn more about her life and works here: https://libcom.org/history/katerina-gogou-athens-anarchist-poetess-1940-1993https://www.facebook.com/workingclasshistory/photos/a.296224173896073/1225734560945025/?type=3
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Photo by @ashishparmarphotography The rarest zebra in the world, Thira. Spotted recently at Masai Mara Kenya. #Wild #Nature #Wildlife #Animals #Igs_Africa #Wildeyesa #Kenya #Zebra #MaasaiMara https://www.instagram.com/p/B3Kd4beAe0H/?igshid=1rwkdpat3qx4g
This wooden triangle is part of the construction equipment that was used to ensure that all walls were smooth and perfectly aligned. The tool consists of three pieces: two of them were fixed together to form a right angle, while the third small piece serves as a crossbar.
A limestone bob is suspended by a cord from the apex of the right angle. Placed against a perfectly flat wall, the string of the bob would fall between the two lines indicated on the crossbar.
From
El Lahun. New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty, ca. 1550-1292 BC. Now in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. JE 28782
