We
find that democratization is much more likely to follow mass protest
movements that are dominated by the urban middle classes — and even more
so when industrial workers are protesting. These groups often combine a
strong preference for democracy (especially in urbanized societies)
with the capacity to push through democratizing changes.
Industrial
workers, in particular, can use unions, international labor networks
and social democratic parties to coordinate powerful challenges against
dictatorial regimes. Here, we agree with influential, in-depth studies
of specific European and Latin American countries, which highlight the
historical role of labor movements in pushing for universal suffrage and
competitive multiparty elections.
Yet
the experiences in these case studies might have been atypical. Ours is
the first study to investigate systematically whether the social
composition of protest movements matters for democratization in a global
sample of countries. We investigated all major mass protest movements
around the world from 1900-2006, and recorded who dominated each
movement — industrial workers, urban middle classes, rural laborers,
ethnic groups, religious groups, etc.
The
strongest finding in our study is that protest movements dominated by
industrial workers outperform all other protest campaigns in bringing
about democracy. Industrial worker campaigns also clearly outperform
situations without any mass protest campaigns. There is some evidence
that urban middle class movements are associated with democratization,
but it is weaker than the evidence of the importance of industrial
workers.
hey I’m a trans very disabled mlm and I need help to maintain my housing (10/30/19)
I’m currently in PHP treatment for an ED and have been for a while now. I’ve been doing everything I can to work to pay lodging fees at the facility I’m staying at, and they have been very forgiving, but I’m coming up on a hard deadline.
I have until Nov 8th to pay them $700, of which I only have $200.
This is due to a variety of reasons, first and foremost being physical disabilities. I am about to undergo testing for a sleep disorder that leaves me extremely fatigued every day, and have been receiving trigger point injections for my severe body pain. On top of that, I broke my foot a little over a month ago, and because of all of those factors I was not allowed to work for ~3 weeks. This meant I lost my position and was moved to another, but this position has less than half the hours the previous one had. I’m in bery dire straits- I do not have any family support, and I have exhausted all the resources available to me. I’m ineligible for HEN because I’m working, and although my pain and mobility are significantly increased compared to a month ago, I am still very behind on bills.
I know this is a lot to ask, and I don’t mean to put anyone out, but this is a real emergency and without help I will, full stop, lose access to treatment and be homeless. I really can’t stress enough how important this is.
I am currently looking for a second job to add to my current one, but I am seriously limited in hours due to my PHP treatment.
If you could rb this, I would GREATLY appreciate it. If you can donate, I would be eternally grateful. I’m willing to offer tarot/pendulum readings to any donors, write something, literally anything. I just really need help right now.
Please help me stay in treatment if you can. Thank you.
Hey I have a bug and need help with some with meds I just need about $25 sorry to be that person this month. Any amount would help. Thank you everyone for you continued help it means the world to me.
